新文化史的话语分析与合法性探究

Discourse Analysis of New Cultural History and Research on its Legitimacy

20世纪80年代后,新文化史作为新社会史的一种批判,在欧美学界逐渐兴盛起来,后结构主义的语言学转向、文化人类学、文化马克思主义和年鉴学派共同在学理上促成了新文化史的成形,加上经历过20世纪六七十年代社会政治运动的左派知识分子的推动,文化转向成为了代表历史学典范转移的一种话语。而新文化史在实践的过程中,又必须不断进行调整,以维系其合法性。首先是不断调整文化的定义,从偏重解读符号体系的意义转向将符号与实践相结合;其次是调整文化与社会之间的关系,不再将社会排除在文化分析之外;最后是更新对客观性的理解,不再把文学叙事同虚构必然结合在一起,并且开始重视虚构背后的建构过程。

As a criticism of the New Social History, the New Cultural History has gradually emerged in western academia since 1980s. The linguistic turn of post-structuralism, cultural anthropology, cultural Marxism and the Annales School plus the promotions of some leftist intellectuals who had participated in the social and political campaigns during 1960s and 1970s had jointly contributed to the formation of the New Cultural Historical discourse in theories and practices. Moreover, its legitimacy relied on three kinds of continuous adjustments： firstly, scholars should adjust its definition from preferring to interpret the meanings of semiotic system to emphasizing the connection of symbol and practice; second, scholars should re-examine the relationship of Culture and Social without isolating the Social from the process of Cultural analysis; lastly, scholars also need to re-consider the meaning of objectiveness and pay attention to the process of construction behind fiction in order to get rid of the dilemma about the dichotomy between narrative and objectiveness.