三峡库区重庆段酸雨敏感性评价及空间分异特征

Acid Rain Sensitivity Evaluation and Spatial Differentiation Features of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing

三峡库区重庆段具有重要的生态地理位置,酸雨是这一地区根本性的生态环境问题之一。以酸雨敏感性机理为基础,运用GIS于RS技术分析了这一特殊生态地理区域酸雨敏感性的高低分布规律及其空间分异特征。结果表明:研究区酸雨以高度敏感为主,其次是中度敏感;各区县中石柱、武隆、万州是酸雨最为敏感的地区,都市区及周边区县主要以轻度以下敏感为主。空间上,极敏感区集中分布在研究区中、南部;万州(含万州)以下的研究区东北部是高度敏感的集中分布带;万州以东除石柱、武隆等区域外主要为中度敏感集中分布区;江河河谷及两侧,研究区东北端的巫山、云阳部分地区为轻度以下敏感分布区。研究区酸雨敏感性程度较高的地区主要分布在黄壤、黄棕壤、紫色土分布区和常绿针叶林、常绿针阔混交林分布区。

Acid rain has been one of the environmental problems in China.Because of the specific geographical and meteorological conditions and energy consumption structures,The Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing has become the major acid precipitation regions.The paper comprehensively researches on the acid rain sensitivity and quantitatively reveals its spatial features in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing by using the integrated approach of GIS and RS spatial analysis function and the sensitivity mechanisms of acid rain.The results show that:(1) the strong sensitivity is the main type of the acid rain sensitivity which is 19 100.57 km2,about 41.38% of the study area and moderate sensitivity is second which is 13 548.52 km2,about 29.35% of the study area.The extremely sensitivity areas mainly distribute in Wulong,Shizhu and Wanzhou.The sensitivity of acid rain in metropolitan areas are mainly slight and not sensitive(2) In space,the extremely sensitivity of acid rain mainly distribute in the middle and south area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing.The strong sensitivity mainly distribute in the northern east of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing.The moderate sensitivity areas mainly distribute to the west of Wanzhou except Shizhu and Wulong.The slight sensitivity of acid rain distribute along the rivers and streams and some area of Wushan and Yunyang.(3) The relatively high sensitivity of the acid rain is distributed mainly in yellow soil,yellow brown soil,purple soil and evergreen deciduous forest,evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest.