四川唐家河自然保护区扭角羚冬春季日活动模式研究

The Daily Activity Patterns of Takin Budorcas taxicolor in Winter and Spring atTangjiahe Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province

根据相机陷阱调查获得照片的时间,研究了2008年12月～2009年5月唐家河自然保护区内野生扭角羚Budorcastaxicolor的日活动模式。通过对24个1km×1km样方的调查,共完成686个相机工作日的取样量,获得有效的扭角羚捕捉次数709次(冬季322次,春季387次),并分别计算出扭角羚冬季和春季在各时间段的相对活动强度指数RAI。结果显示,扭角羚在冬季和春季的日活动模式没有显著差异(χ2检验,P>0.1),每天都有3个活跃时期(凌晨、早上和下午)和3个紧随的不活跃时期。其中,冬季日活动的最高峰出现在下午17:00～18:00(RAI=12.42),最低谷出现在日出前3:00～6:00(RAI=0.00);春季最高峰出现在早上6:00～7:00(RAI=20.16),最低谷出现在日出前2:00～5:00(RAI=0.26)。在春季,扭角羚在上午活跃期的活动强度明显高于下午活跃期,而在冬季则相反。春季与冬季相比,扭角羚上午和下午的两个活跃时间段都有提前,可能是由于不同季节气温和光照差异的影响。研究表明,相机陷阱调查技术是研究野生动物在野外活动模式和活动节律的有效工具,可为今后深入开展扭角羚行为生态学研究和保护区内野生动物的管理提供基础的科学依据。

From December 2008 to May 2009,we conducted the study on daily activity pattern of wild takin Budorcas taxicolor by examining timing of photographs obtained through camera-trapping at Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan province.We surveyed twenty four 1 km×1 km sampling blocks,resulting in a sampling effort of 686 camera-days and 709 takin photographs（322 in winter and 387 in spring）.A relative activity index（RAI） was calculated for the 24 hour cycle of winter and spring,respectively,and indicated that there was no significant difference between activity patterns of takin in winter and spring（χ2 test,P0.1）,both had three daily active periods（midnight,early morning and mid-late afternoon） followed by three inactive periods.A 24 hour cycle for activity showed the highest RAI was at 17：00~18：00 during winter（RAI=12.42） and 6：00~7：00 during spring（RAI=20.16）,and the lowest activity during both seasons was late in the night,from 3：00 to 6：00 during winter（RAI=0.00） and 2：00~5：00 during spring（mean RAI=0.26）.The morning peak was higher than that in the afternoon during spring,but lower during winter.The diurnal active periods in spring were shifted earlier than that in winter,which may be due to temperature and illumination changes between seasons.Our results suggested that camera-trapping is an effective tool for studying the activity pattern and daily rhythm of wildlife,which will provide valuable basic information for future behavior researches and wildlife management.