20世纪以来关于“妇女回家”的论争

The Debate of "Women Coming Back Home" Since the 20th Century

20世纪以来,中国发生了五次"妇女回家"的论争,前两次在三四十年代,"妇女回家"论的提出主要是政治原因,围绕妇女与家庭、国家的关系展开,论争的实质是国共两党不同妇女运动方针的冲突。后三次发生在改革开放后,主要是经济原因,是从解决就业和资源优化配置等角度提出的。五次"妇女回家"的主张有一个共同的理由,即女性比男性更适合干家务、照顾孩子,男女社会分工不同。"妇女回家"论的出现,尽管是由多种因素共同作用的结果,但根本原因仍是"男主外、女主内"的传统性别分工观念、"贤妻良母"观念和男权思想作祟。另外,虽然妇女的真正解放是妇女完全可以自由支配自己的工作和生活,但目前中国不论从生产力发展、国人文化素质、社会保障制度等各方面都不具备"妇女回家"的条件,"妇女回家"不是妇女解放的有效途径。

The debate on women＇s coming back home has taken place five times in China since the 20th century.The first two debates happened in the thirties or forties of the 20th century.The view on women＇s coming back home was proposed for politics.They discussed the relationship between women and the family,women and the country,but the substance was conflict between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party concerning the principles of women＇s movement.The last three debates happened due to economic after the reform and opening up.They advocated women go home for solving the problems of employment or optimizing the allocation of resources.Five debates have a common reason,i.e.,women always do better than men in doing housework and caring for the children.It was different in social division.Many factors lead to the proposal of women coming back home,but the basic reason is the concepts of gender labor division,good wife and loving mother and male dominance,etc.Though women can control own work and life freely,that is woman＇s true liberation,women should not go home,because we lack the reasons sufficient condition of productive forces,people＇s cultural qualities,social security systems.Women＇s coming back home is not an effective way for women＇s liberation.