离子液体催化合成酯类化合物的研究进展

Review of esterification in ionic liquids

酯化反应是重要的有机合成反应之一,在药物、材料、食品、香料、溶剂和增塑剂等生产中有广泛的应用。传统方法合成酯类化合物具有反应时间长、产率低、污染大、副反应多及后处理困难等缺点,离子液体区别于传统的溶剂和催化剂主要在于可通过改变其阴阳离子的结构进行调节,是可设计的绿色催化剂和溶剂,具有无腐蚀性、无毒、不挥发、不易氧化、液态范围宽、稳定性好、催化活性高等一系列独特性质,已被广泛应用于化学合成、分离工程和纳米材料制备等领域。离子液体催化酯化反应合成酯类化合物具有反应快、高效、产物易分离和安全等优点。本文综述了离子液体催化酯化反应合成脂肪酸酯类和芳香酯类的研究进展,并展望了该方法在酯类合成中的发展前景。

Esterification is one of the most important organic reactions and widely used in medicine,material,food,perfume,solvent and plastifier etc.The traditional synthesis process of esters was long,low yield,serious pollution,many side reactions and difficult to separate.Ionic liquid is a green catalyzer and solvent which can be designed by changing the structure of its cation or anion.It has many advantages such as non-corrosion,non-toxic,non-volatile,anti-oxidize,wide temperature range,good stability,high catalytic activity.It can be widely used in chemical engineering such as chemosynthesis,separation and nano-material preparation.The synthesis of esters catalyzed by ionic liquids shows the advantages of less time,high efficiency,convenient separation and safety.The current situation of esterification reaction for synthesizing aliphatic and aromatic esters catalyzed by ionic liquids and prospected its future development were reviewed.