闽东地区出生缺陷发展趋势及影响因素研究

Trends and affecting factors of birth defects in Mindong district,Fujian

目的为掌握闽东地区的出生缺陷发生的消长情况及影响出生缺陷的可疑因素,为制定干预措施提供依据,进行本研究。方法按监测方案要求收集2001-2010年宁德市出生缺陷医院监测资料,按要求质量控制,统一统计标准录入SPSS软件建立数据库,进行统计分析。结果 2001-2010年宁德市总出生缺陷发生率呈现上升趋势,≥28周重大出生缺陷发生率呈现下降趋势;主要出生缺陷顺位变化:先天性心脏病升至第一位,总唇裂降至二、三位,外耳其他畸形排序渐升;总唇裂、小耳、先心、马蹄内翻足增高趋势,而先天性脑积水呈下降趋势;男性高于女性;孕母各年龄组之间差异显著,以20～岁组和35～岁组发生率为高;随年龄增高,唐氏综合征、先心发生率有增高趋势,高龄是唐氏综合征的危险因素等。结论加强三级预防,加强孕早期预防保健工作,推进产前筛查诊断技术,广泛实施出生缺陷二级预防措施,对于降低出生缺陷发生率具有重要意义。

Objective To evaluate 10 years trends of birth defects and explore potential affecting factors for the control of the diseases in future.Methods The 2001-2010 surveillance data of birth defects were collected from all hospitals in Ningde,Fujian.A special designed database was developed for the data collection.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software.Results Birth defect rate increased from 0.55% to 1.1% in 10 years（2001-2010）.However,birth defects greater than 28 weeks pregnancy decreased in the same period of time.The most occurred birth defects were congenital heart diseases,cleft lip with and without cleft palate.Ear deformity increased gradually,while congenital hydrocephalus decreased.In general,birth defects occurred more frequently in male babies than in female babies.Birth defects were associated with the age of mothers.High rates of birth defects were seen in the age groups of mothers between 20 and 25 years as well as over 35 years.Down syndrome and congenital heart diseases increased with the age of mothers.Conclusion Birth defect prevention and medical care in early pregnancy,prenatal screening and diagnosis are essential to decrease birth defects.