民国乡村农业科技政策与实践研究——对1927～1937年苏南蚕业技术改良的考察

Agricultural Science and Technology Policy and Practice of the Republic of China in 1927-1937

苏南地区在近代以来一直是中国重要的丝织品产地。20世纪30年代之后,受到世界经济危机、西方先进蚕业技术的影响,中国传统的土法养蚕,传统乡村家庭手工式生产受到冲击。南京国民政府建立后,为了振兴蚕业,建立了专门的蚕业改良机构,在乡村中改良蚕种、推广新式技术、开展蚕业合作、推动各种力量投入蚕业改良运动。在乡村技术改良的过程中,国民政府制订了有积极意义的农业科技政策,但由于投入不足等原因,对乡村经济的作用是有限的。

Southern Jiangsu has been the important origin of the silk industry in modern times.Since 1930s,traditional way to breed silk and the traditional family industry in China were affected by the industry production of west with the world economic crisis and the western advanced silk technology.Special silk improvement agencies were established after the establishment of the Nationalist Government in Nanjing.We improved silkworm eggs in the rural area,promoted new farming technology and silk cooperation,promoted other forces into the silk industry melioration movement in order to revitalize this industry.The government formulated positive agricultural science and technology policies in the process,but the efforts were limited to rural economy because of inadequate investment and other factors