海岸带迎风坡环境干扰对造林植物叶片解剖、气孔和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Environmental Disturbance on Leaf Morphological Traits,Stomata,and Water Use Efficiency of Species for Afforestation on a Windward Slope in a Coastal Zone

海岸迎风坡植被恢复是海岸带破坏生态系统修复的重要内容。本试验在广东中山市五桂山海岸带迎风坡(海拔300 m)选择了3种用于植被恢复的人工造林植物,红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)、云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)和2个同地点的野生种降真香(Acronychia pedunculata)与鸭脚木(Schefflera octophylla)作为实验材料,研究4年后3种造林树种对海岸迎风坡环境的适应。测定5种植物叶片的解剖特征、气孔形态、气孔密度(SD)和大小(SL)、光合作用和水分利用效率(WUE)等生理特性。结果表明,(1)5种植物的叶片解剖特征在迎风坡和背风坡都没有明显差异,除红锥外,SD和SL在两坡面也未表现出显著变化;(2)红锥和云南石梓在迎风坡显示出低的WUE,野生种降真香和鸭脚木有潜在的高的WUE,而米老排在迎风坡显示出对迎风坡造林环境有一定的适应能力;(3)5种植物叶片解剖特征和光合行为对潜在的水分胁迫响应的表型可塑性变化存在明显的种间差异。

Vegetation restoration on windward slopes plays a crucial role in recovering dama-ged coastal zone systems.This study was conducted on the wind disturbed windward slope of Wugui mountain（300 m）,Zhongshan City,Guangdong province.Wind may have negative effects on plant morphological and physiological features.Therefore,it is necessary to study whether species are acclimatized to windward slopes.In this study,five species was selected,Castanopsis hystrix,Mytilaria laosensis,Gmelina arborea,Acronychia pedunculata,Schefflera octophylla.C.hystrix,M.laosensis and G.arborea,were transplanted four or five years ago,while A.pedunculata and S.octophylla are native species.Stomatal parameters,leaf anatomic structure,photosynthesis and water use efficiency（WUE） of these species were studied.The results showed that（1） there were no significant differences in leaf anatomic structures and stomatal density among all species in windward and leeward slopes,while the stomatal size and the density of all five species,except for C.hystrix,also showed no significant differences;（2） WUE of the planted species,C.hystrix and G.arborea,decreased on windward slope compared with that on the leeward slope,while native plants,A.pedunculata and S.octophylla had increased WUE on the windward slope and M.laosensis grew well on the windward slope;（3） In terms of responses to phenotypic plasticity,photosynthesis performance of leaves and potential water stress of the five plant species showed significant inter-species differences.