不同养殖模式下红鳍东方鲀的品质比较

Comparison of flesh quality of farmed fugu,Takifugu rubripes from different culture models

比较分析了3个地区分别代表3种不同养殖模式下的红鳍东方鲀成鱼的肌肉营养成分、风味物质含量和肌肉物理特性。结果显示:3种养殖模式下红鳍东方鲀的粗成分含量(水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪)之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉中检测到18种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量平均达肌肉湿样的(15.65%±0.95%)或肌肉干样的79.13%～83.19%;必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量分别为32.77%～33.68%、39.06%～41.72%,3种养殖模式间均没有显著差异;鲜味氨基酸(谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸)总量,以丹东红鳍东方鲀(DD)最高,达32.09%,显著高于大连红鳍东方鲀(DL)的29.94%和河北唐山红鳍东方鲀(HB)的29.90%(P<0.05),其中谷氨酸是所有氨基酸中含量最高的,达肌肉干重的12%以上。∑EAA/∑AA比值为40.49%～41.79%,∑EAA/∑NEAA为80.74%～85.89%,均高于FAO/WHO指出的理想模式标准;不同养殖模式对红鳍东方鲀肌肉的脂肪酸组成有显著差异,如C16∶0、C20∶1ω9、C22∶6ω3、∑SFA;肌肉浸提液中肌苷酸(IMP)的含量是其他核苷酸降解产物的10～100倍,达220.75～265.03 mg/L。HB肌肉浸提液的K值显著低于DL和DD,表明HB有更长的货架时间。肌肉结构分析结果表明,HB和DD肌肉的硬度显著高于DL。红鳍东方鲀肌肉非常鲜美,营养价值很高,是很好的养殖对象;而养殖模式会影响其营养成分、风味物质的组成和含量以及肌肉的物理特性,其中池塘养殖至幼鱼后移至海上网箱养殖是相对好的一种养殖模式。

The differences of muscle in nutritional components,delicious materials and physical characteristics of farmed fugu,Takifugu rubripes from Dalian,Hebei and Dandong,were tested and analyzed in order to evaluate its nutritive value and flesh quality.The three groups represented three culture models.The results showed that the content of crude protein was about 85% of dry matter and the content of crude fat was lower than 2% dry matter.There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture and crude protein,crude lipid among the three series fugu.18 common amino acids were found in the flesh,and amount of which was 15.75% of wet matter or 79.13%-83.19% of dry matter.The content of essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids was 32.77%-33.68% and 39.06%-41.72%,respectively.Glutamic acid was the most one in all amino acids,and its content was up to 12%.The delicious amino acids including Glu,Gly,Ala and Asp in Dandong group were up to 32.09%,higher than those of Dalian group（29.94%）and Hebei group（29.90%）significantly（P0.05）.There were also differences in some fatty acids,such as C16∶ 0,C20∶ 1ω9,C22∶ 6ω3,and total saturated fatty acids（SFA）.The results of nucleotide and its metabolites indicated that hypoxanthine nucleotide（IMP）was the highest metabolite of nucleotide,whose content was up to 220.75-265.03 mg/L,being 10-100 times as much as the others.The K value of HB group（6.36）was lower than DD（10.65）and DL（12.06）,suggesting that it had a longer shelf life than DD and DL groups.The results of texture using texture analyzer SMS TA XT plus indicated that there was no difference except the hardness and chewiness of muscle among the three models.The hardness of HB and DD was higher than that of DL significantly（P0.05）.In conclusion,the pattern of amino acids,the high content of essential amino acids（EAA）and poly-unsaturated fatty acids（PUFA）and DHA indicated that fugu flesh was nutritional and healthy to human,and was a good species for development.Different culture model influenced the flesh quality,and the combination of pond culture and net cage culture in sea was a good model.