2010年青海省果洛州饮茶型氟中毒监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of drinking-tea type fluorosis in Guoluo of Qinghai in 2010

目的了解青海省果洛州饮茶型氟中毒的病情现状，为制订预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法2010年选择青海省果洛州玛沁、达日2个县为调查点，按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位，各抽取1个乡（镇），在每个乡（镇）抽取1个村，以村中全部8～12岁在校儿童和36～45岁成年人作为调查对象。采用Dean法诊断儿童氟斑牙，对成人进行前臂、小腿X线摄片，按《地方性氟骨症临床分度诊断标准》（WS192—2008）进行诊断。每个监测村抽取10户家庭采集砖茶样品，用氟离子选择电极法测定砖茶含氟量。结果玛沁、达日县儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为11．43％（32／280）、3．77％（6／159）；成人氟骨症X线检出率分别为16．36％（9／55）、34．38％（11／32）；砖茶含氟量均值分别为492．71、517．36mg／kg，均超过国家标准（300mg／kg）。结论果洛州饮茶型氟中毒病情尚未得到有效控制，须进一步加大预防控制力度。

Objective To find out the status of drinking-tea type fluorosis in Guoluo Qinghai, and to provide a scientific basis for development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Maqin and Dari counties of Guoluo were chosen as investigation points in 2010. One township （town） was chosen according to their sub-aera positions of east, west, south, north and center in each chosen county. A village was taken in each chosen township （town）, and all school children aged 8 to 12 and adults aged 36 to 45 in each chosen village were taken as study subjects for the survey. Children＇s dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean methods, and osteofluorosis using X- ray photography according to ＂Endemic osteoflnorosis clinical indexing diagnosis standard＂ （WS 192-2008）. Brick tea samples were collected from ten households in each chosen village, and fluorine contents of brick tea was measured using fluorine ion selective electrode. Results Children＇s dental fluorosis detected were 11.43% （32/280） and 3.77% （6/159） in Maqin and Dari, respectively; detection rates of adult skeletal fluorosis by X-ray were 16.36% （9/55） and 34.38% （11/32）, respectively; mean fluoride in brick tea were 492.71 and 517.36 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the national standard（300 mg/kg）. Conclusions Drinking-tea type fluorosis has not yet been brought under control in Guoluo, and prevention and control efforts should be further increased.