论民间法与纠纷解决

On Folk Law and Dispute Resolution

一切规范的存在,都是为给纠纷解决预备一套方案,民间法也不例外。文明时代的纠纷解决方式,一般分为三种:一种是司法诉讼方式,其规范运用的特点是以法律为主,以民间法为辅,即使在司法调解中,也保持这一特点。另一种是诉讼替代性纠纷解决方案,如调解、仲裁等,其规范运用的特点是在法律、民间法的选择上,难分彼此,说不上谁主谁辅,在这种纠纷处理中,当事人本身具有规范适用的选择权和权利处分的选择权,这就使规范的运用要灵活得多,更多时当事人之间还通过主持人自己协商处理规范——制定纠纷解决协议。第三种是私力救济,它可以分为启动形式合法的私力救济和启动形式非法的私力救济。在私力救济中,其规范运用反倒是以民间法为主,国家法最多只为辅助。如上情形的出现,乃是因为司法的目的是为了判断是非,而诉讼替代性纠纷解决方案以及私力救济解决纠纷的目的,主要是为了平息矛盾。

Any norm is to prepare a scheme for dispute resolution,folk law included.There are three ways to settle disputes in modern times.The first is lawsuit,the characteristic of which is to take law primarily and folk law as complementary,even in judicial mediation.The second is alternative dispute resolution（ADR）,conciliation,arbitration,etc.The characteristic of ADR is to apply law and folk law equally.In this way,the concerning parties are entitled to choose norms and dispose their own rights,then it can apply norms more flexibly.What is more,the concerning parties even may consult to formulate a dispute resolution treaty by the moderator.The last way is self-help remedy,which may be divided into the lawful and the unlawful ones.In self-help remedies,the primary applicable norm is folk law,but not constitutional law,because the purpose of judicature is to tell right or wrong,true or false;while the purpose of ADR and self-help remedies is to eliminate conflicts.