莫高窟北区石窟所出刻本《资治通鉴》残片考订

A Study on the Fragmentary Block-printed Zizhi tongjian Unearthed from the Northern Area Caves of the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang

在1988—1995年间敦煌莫高窟北区石窟的考古发掘中,北区第64窟、137窟出土了共11片汉文残文书。荣新江先生首先将其比定为汉文《资治通鉴》。本文在此基础上详细探考了残片的版本、年代。据其照片进行初步复原,残片应当为左右双栏,半叶十一行,行二十一字的无音注大字建本《通鉴》,版心有刻工名"登"。通过与存世十一行无音注本《通鉴》的比较,可以发现,残片之刻本与张元济1918年购自广东,曾作为商务印书馆影印《四部丛刊》底本,建国后转入国家图书馆收藏(编号7372)的涵芬楼藏本《通鉴》为同版之别本。又据其不避宋讳及刻工姓名,可定为宋刻十一行本的元代覆刻本。借助B137窟的考古学年代及相关信息,可将残片年代进一步断于13世纪末到14世纪前中期。这反映了元代的敦煌与当时作为经济、文化中心的长江以南地区,依然保持着密切的交流。

During the archaeological excavations of the Northern Area at the Mogao Grottoes （from 1988 to 1995 ）, 11 pieces of Chinese fragmentary documents were discovered from Caves B64 and B137 ,which were first identified by Professor Rong Xinjiang as a Chinese version of Zizhi tongjian （Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government）. It was a wood-block printing, and each half-page has twenty words in eleven lines. This paper tries to study the version and date of the fragment.