沈曾植与佛教

Shen Zengzhi and Buddhism

本文以晚清民国同光体浙派代表诗人沈曾植为中心,研究其学术、文学、出处与佛教之关系。佛教、儒学与中国古典诗歌一样,都面临着现代化的压力。沈曾植其实有意通过佛教来融合当时东西方文化的冲突,但事实上,他的思想已经落后于时代。在义理方面,他主张儒释合一,并且对佛教内部各宗派平等对待,开日后太虚法师判教之先声。在考据方面,他对于禅宗史的考订,远早于日后的胡适。在文学方面,他在诗歌中大量使用佛典,继承发展了自朱彝尊、钱载以来浙派诗人好用奇字僻典的艺术风格。

Centering on Shen Zengzhi who was a representative poet of the Zhejiang school with the Tong-Guang style in the periods of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,this essay makes a research for the relationship between his academics,literature,sources and Buddhism.Just like China＇ s classic poetry,Buddhism and Confucianism also face the pressure of modernization.He advocates Buddhism because he wants to blend the conflict of the Eastern and Western cultures through Buddhism,which,actually,after the 1911 revolution,lagged behind the times due to the traditional Confucian idea of loyalty to sovereign.In the aspect of understanding Buddhist doctrines,he upholds the unity of Confucianism and Buddhism,and treats equally different sects of Buddhism,which lays a foundation for Master Taixu＇ s discrimination and criticism later.And in the textual research,he has a wide view,not only caring about the Chinese Buddhism,but also being interested in the Indian Buddhism,especially the history of Zen,for the study of which he is far earlier than Hu Shi.And in the aspect of literature,he uses a lot of Buddhist allusions in the creation of poetry,inheriting and developing the artistic style of the Zhejiang-school poets such as Zhu Yizun and Qian Zai who have a fancy for rare words and allusions.For him,Buddhism isn＇ t only a kind of spiritual sustenance that can settle down his disturbed soul but also a means for literary creation.