乡村旅游开发背景下社区权能发展研究——基于对云南傣族园和雨崩社区两种典型案例的调查

Study on the Development of Community Power and Functions under the Background of the Development of Rural Tourism ——Based on the Investigation of Two Typical Cases in Daizu Garden and Yubeng Community,Yunnan Province

文章在田野调查的基础上,通过问卷形式对云南西双版纳傣族园和香格里拉雨崩社区两种不同开发模式下社区参与旅游发展中的经济、政治、心理、社会、制度和信息权能情况进行了研究。结果发现:(1)不同开发模式的介入导致了权能建设的先后次序,也是居民认可总体呈现"高认可高趋向"、"中认可高反差"和"低认可低趋向"三个层次的直接原因;(2)社区旅游权能的实际效果存在结构性差异,旅游经济权能促进其他权能建设的推动力度有待增强;(3)社区旅游开发与社区整体发展是一个协同系统,权能建设的最终实现有待模式的适度调适。基于此,文章认为寻找合理的开发方式是促进旅游权能与社区整体权能建设的有效途径,并在体制机制、集约化开发、利益分配、建设能力等方面提出建议。把权能建设通过社会合力引入社区旅游可持续发展分析之中,将为探索在社区参与中如何实现有效的社会重构提供一个全新的理论视角和突破口,对推动旅游社区转型升级和新农村建设具有借鉴作用。

Based on the field survey and questionnaire, the paper studies about community participation in tourism development under two different development patterns including economic, political, psychological, social and institutional power and functions in Daizu Garden of Xishuangbanna and Yubeng Community of Shangri-la, Yunnan Province. The results indicate： 1. The involvement of different development patterns leads to the sequence of power and function construction, which becomes the direct reason of residents＇ overall three layers of identities; namely, ＂ high identity and high tendency＂, ＂medium identity and high disparity＂ and ＂low identity and low tendency＂. 2. There exists structural differences about actual effect of community tourism power and functions. The driving force of tourism economic power and functions that promotes other power and function construction is yet to be strengthened. 3. Community tourism development and overall community development should be a coordinative system. The ultimate realization of power and function construction depends on the moderate adjustment of patterns, Based on this, the paper holds the view that seeking rational development way is an effective channel to promote the construction of tourism and overall community power and functions and tries to offer suggestions in terms of institutional mechanism, intensive development, benefit distribution and capacity for building. Introducing power and function construction into community sustainable development of tourism by social joint efforts will provide a brand new perspective and breakthrough to explore how to realize the effective social reconstruction in the midst of community participation, which will be referential for the promotion of the transformation and upgrade of tourism community and the construction of new countryside.