养老机构护理员抑郁现状及相关因素分析

Depression Status and Its Related Factors of Nursing Aides in Welfare Institution

目的了解养老机构护理员的抑郁现状及其相关因素,从而为采取有针对性的干预措施提供依据,以改善养老机构护理员的抑郁症状。方法采用抑郁倾向自评表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social supportscale,PSSS)、健康商数量表(health quotient,HQ)对上海市杨浦区某福利院的43名护理员进行自评问卷调查,并对其血压、心率、体重指数、身体脂肪率、内脏脂肪指数、基础代谢率等进行检查。结果护理员的SDS自评总分为(44.53±12.05)分,虽不高于国内常模的(41.88±10.57)分,但30名护理员中有10名(33.33%)存在抑郁,其抑郁发生比率较高。对抑郁发生有影响作用的因素包括:领悟社会支持水平,精神与心理状态,主要生活与工作环境。PSSS及HQ得分分别为(63.43±7.77)分和(6.10±0.77)分。结论 养老机构护理员发生抑郁的比例较高,提示要重视福利院护理员的心理状态,尤其抑郁症状的防治,为护理员提供良好的社会支持,提高他们的健康商数,从根本上改善护理员的心理健康状况,提高护理员的生活和工作质量。

Objective To explore the depression status and its related factors among nursing aides in a welfare institution so as to provide evidence for providing appropriate interventions to improve the depression status of nursing aids in a institution welfare.Methods Forty-three nursing aides in the Yangpu Welfare Institution were investigated with a set of 3 questionnaires：self-rating depression scale（SDS）,perceived social support scale（PSSS）,and health quotient（HQ）.Examinations were conducted on blood pressure,heart rate,body mass index,body fat rate,visceral fat index,and basal metabolic rate.Demographic parameters were completed by the nursing aides themselves.Results The total score of SDS of nursing aides was 44.53±12.05,which was not significantly higher than the national norm（41.88±10.57）.However,10（33.33%） out of 30 subjects were found to have depression.The following factors were found to be significantly correlated to the depression：the perceived social support,the mental and emotional states,and living skill environment and work.Tne scores of PASS and HQ were（63.43±7.27）,（6.10±0.77）.Conclusion The incidence of depression among nursing aides in welfare institutions is high.More attention should be attached to their mental health status,especially the prevention of depressive symptoms.In order to improve the nursing aides＇ mental health status and their quality of life,the welfare institution administrators and the whole society need to provide them with better social support and improve their health quotient.