新生儿股静脉采血方法的改良

Study on an Improved Method of Neonatal Blood Collection via Femoral Vein

目的探讨新生儿股静脉采血改良方法的效果。方法选取2010年9月到2011年3月在重庆三峡中心医院儿童分院新生儿科需采血的新生儿90例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。观察组新生儿采用改良方法进行采血,即用5号一次性头皮针接5ml注射器进行负压式股静脉采血;对照组新生儿采用传统方法,即用5ml注射器及其配套的7号针直接进行股静脉采血。比较两组新生儿的一次性穿刺成功率,瘀斑及血肿的发生情况及疼痛情况。结果观察组有43例新生儿一次性穿刺成功,占95.6%;对照组有40例新生儿一次性穿刺成功,占88.9%;两组新生儿一次性穿刺成功率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.38,P<0.05)。观察组中有1例新生儿发生瘀斑及血肿,占2.2%;对照组有9例新生儿发生瘀斑及血肿,占20.0%;两组新生儿瘀斑及血肿发生情况的差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.11,P<0.05)。观察组新生儿的疼痛评分平均为(3.51±1.08)分,低于对照组新生儿的(4.84±0.90)分,差异有统计学意义(t=6.36,P<0.01)。结论 新生儿采用改良法股静脉采血成功率高,同时能减轻患儿的疼痛和减少瘀斑、血肿的发生。

Objective To explore the effects of an improved method in neonatal blood sampling via femoral vein. Methods From September 2010 to March 2011,90 newborn infants who needed blood sampling were divided into experimental group （N = 45） and control group （N = 45） randomly. The experimental group used the modified metheod to collect the blood sample with disposable scalp acupuncture join with 5 ml injection. The control group used the convetional metheod： to collecting the blood sample with straight acupuncture by traditional 5 ml syringe and No. 7 needle. Comparisons were conducted on the occurrence and pains of one-time success rate, ecchymosis,and hematoma in the newborns. Results The one-time success rate of the experimental group and the control group was 95. 6% （43/45） and 88. 9% （40/45）, respectively. There was significant difference on the one-time success rate between the two groups （χ2 =34.38, P〈0.05）. The incidence of bruises and haematoma was 2.2% （1/45） in the experimental group. While the in- cidence of bruises and haematoma was 20.0% （9/45） in the control group. There was significant difference on the bruises and haematoma between the two groups（χ2 =33.11 ,P〈0.05）. The pain score of the experimental group （3.51±1.08） was significantly lower than that of the control group（4.84±0.90）（t=6.36, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The blood sampling via femoral vein with disposable scalp acupuncture has higher success rate of the venous blood collection and can reduce the occurrence of pain,ecchymosis and haematoma.