美国第三种教师培养模式研究——以波士顿驻校教师计划为例

The Study of the Third Model of Teacher Education in America——Boston Teacher Residency Program

教师培养的驻校模式被称为美国教师教育的第三条道路,"波士顿驻校教师计划"是其中的典型代表。该模式由学区主办,培养过程包括针对学区特殊需求的招生,以中小学校的实践学习为主、合作大学提供的硕士课程学习为辅的一年期培训,以及进入教学岗位后三年的入职辅导等环节。以学区为培养主体、职前职后一体化和基于中小学校的临床学习是该模式的三大特色。该模式在一定程度上弥补了传统模式和选择性模式的一些不足,为教师教育改革提供了一条新的途径。

Boston Teacher Residency is the typical representative of Urban Teacher Residency model which is known as the third route of teacher education in America. This model, sponsored by urban district, consists of the recruitment and admissions satisfying the special needs of the district, a residency year of practice - based learning in public schools and a coursework in cooperated university, and three years support after induction. The model has three distinguishing features： district as initiator of training; an integrated education before and after induction; and clinical study based on public schools. To some extent, Boston Teacher Residency makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional model and alternative certification model and provides a new route for teacher education reform.