英国崛起时期经济板块化和全国性整合

Economic Blocks and National Integration in the Rising of England

英国是世界上第一个工业化和最早的现代化国家。15世纪以前,英国经济落后且分散,发展水平从东南向西北成梯度式下降。16、17世纪,由于乡村工业等因素推动,英国经济一方面是区域性特征日渐显著;另一方面则有全国性整合趋势,但形成的是伦敦控制的偏倚的全国经济体系。1700年后,随着乡村工业发展和工业革命发生,英格兰西北崛起为工业中心,成为经济增长的强劲一极,与以商贸金融为主的伦敦南北呼应;中间地带则在南北两极所造成的全国性整合中,成为两极间的过渡带和资源供应区。三大板块构架了强劲的英国经济整体。

England is the first industrial nation and the earliest country of modernization in the world. Before the 15th century, English economy was backward and developed scatteredly. In the 16th and 17th centuries, because of the role of many factors such as rural industry, the economy of England developed regionally, and there was a trend of country-wide integration at the same time, but its result was a deformed national economic system which was controlled by London. After 1700, with the development of rural industry and the occurring of Industrial Revolution, the northwest part of England became an industrial area and a powerful pole of economic growth. London, one of the largest commercial and financial centers in the world, with its surrounding areas, formed another pole of economic development. The broad countryside between two poles had taken its appropriate place through supplying resources either for the southward or the northward. These three economic blocks have led to the integration of English economy.