辽宁水资源问题及农业节水

Water Resources and Agricultural Water Conservancy in Liaoning Province

辽宁省水资源年降水量及人均、地均水资源量少,空间、年际季节间变差大,区域水资源数量与农业及社会经济发展需求不匹配。近几十年水资源呈现出社会用水数量持续增长、地下水位持续下降、年降水量逐年减少、人均水资源占有量下降、区域分布更加不平衡的变化趋势。合理利用、有效保护水资源,必须把水的数量、形态和过程纳入具体的时空范围分析和把握。解决水资源问题的总体思路是增加来水量,减少去水量,提高蓄水量,加快水循环。注重区域调水与蓄水,实现区域间均衡发展;调整农林牧用地面积比例,并采取能保存更多降水、加快水循环的措施;从生产效益、保护资源和加强生态建设多方面考虑,合理确定水、旱田面积;提高科技水平,大力发展现代节水农业。解决辽宁水资源问题,要以整体、系统的观点看待区域水资源问题,保证区域水资源可持续利用;要正确认识农业在水资源上的战略地位,正确选择农业发展模式,把农业用水、蓄水和保水统一起来,充分发挥农业在加强生态建设上的特殊作用;要转变利用与保护水资源战略,由"节水"转变为"节水与蓄水并重"或"以蓄水为主"。解决水资源问题的基点放在加强生态建设上,才能谋求科学发展。

Problems exist in the Liaoning water resources： the provincial annual precipitation,per capita water occupancy and per hm2 water occupancy are all less and vary greatly with regions,seasons and years;and its regional water resources cannot match social and economic development.The trend can be seen that since decades ago the social water consumption has been continuously increasing;the underground water level declining;the annual rainfall steadily decreasing;the per capita water occupancy dropping;and the areal water distribution has become more imbalanced.The water resources problem should solved by： increasing water inflow,decreasing water outflow,increasing water storage and accelerating water cycle.Also,it should be stressed that the basic point for solving the water resources problem must be placed on strengthening eco-construction and seeking for scientific development.