1940-1970年代中国主流批评家批评心态解析——以周扬、茅盾、姚文元为个案

An analysis of the mentality of the mainstream critics during the 1940s-1970s

作为1940-1970年代主流批评家的代表,周扬、茅盾和姚文元都具有政府高官兼批评家的特殊身份,自觉顺应主流意识形态的吁求,但三人的话语表现和批评心态又有所不同:作为毛泽东文艺思想的权威阐释者,周扬的批评话语和心路历程体现了以政策阐释为文艺批评生命线的被动与尴尬;茅盾的批评心态略显自由,存在较为明显的现实取向与开放心态之间的矛盾;姚文元的批评话语是典型的大批判话语,体现了斫伤文学批评本性的畸形批评心态。

Zhou Yang,Mao Dun and Yao Wenyuan as the mainstream critics during the 1940s-1970s were high-ranking officials.They were prepared to answer the calls of the mainstream ideology;nonetheless,their discourse styles and mentalities were divided.Zhou Yan as the authoritative interpreter of Mao's thoughts on art and literature underwent the passiveness of taking the official policy as the lifeline for the literary criticism;Mao Dun had relatively more freedom though he was in a dilemma of choosing between the orientation towards the reality and open-mindedness;the discourse of Yao Wenyuan,characterized by exaggeration and invective,was detrimental to the nature of literary criticism and was a vindictive mentality.