历史观的变迁及其对历史教科书的影响——基于中小学历史教科书对明治维新记述的考察

The Evolution of Historical Views and Its Impact on History Textbooks——On the Basis of the Recording Investigation of Historical Textbooks in Primary and Middle Schools on the Meiji Reformation

历史教科书是年青一代认识其他国家的主要渠道和载体之一。考察中小学历史教科书的变化,既能显现一国国民历史观的变化,也能管窥到人们的历史观的变迁对教科书编写的深刻影响。笔者详尽考察了新中国各时期中小学历史教科书中对日本的明治维新陈述后认为:教科书对明治维新记述的嬗变,与思想解放同步,表现出中国人在不断修正自身对日的认识,使之科学化、符合历史事实;中国人在教科书中修正对日认识和历史记述的过程,可以为日本人思考教科书问题提供启示和借鉴。

Historical textbooks are one of the principal ways and carriers for younger generation to know about other countries.Investigation of the evolution of history textbooks of primary and middle schools shows the changes of the people＇s historical views and its impact on the compiling of the history textbooks.Through detailed investigation of Meiji Reformation stated in the history textbooks,I think that the evolution of the record and narration of the Meiji Reformation is in agreement with Chinese＇s thought liberation,which demonstrates the revision of Chinese people＇s own falsehood in understanding Japanese constantly,making it scientific and accord with the historical fact;the process of Chinese＇s revision of understanding and the historical record and narration of Japanese in the textbook can offer enlightenment and lesson for Japanese to ponder over the textbook issues.