不同抗冻模式对高山杨梅养分含量和果实品质的影响

Effects of different antifreeze patterns on nutrient contents and quality of bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc) in mountainous areas

在连续2年(2008—2010年)的田间试验条件下,以东魁"杨梅为供试植物,研究不同抗冻模式对高山杨梅产量和品质的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,各抗冻措施都能够显著减小高山杨梅叶片氮、磷、钾含量在冬季时的降低幅度,其中大棚抗冻的效果显著好于其他模式,降幅分别为11.0%、20.3%和16.5%;同时,在大棚措施下杨梅叶片的含水量在越冬期内保持稳定状态;各抗冻模式都能够促进杨梅的春梢生长发育,提高春梢的氮素含量,与对照相比,大棚措施的春梢含氮量提升最高,增幅达14.6%;各抗冻措施都能够显著增加杨梅果实中的氮、磷、钾含量,其中大棚措施的提高效果最好;与其他抗冻措施相比,大棚措施能够显著提高杨梅果实的单果质量、可溶性固形物、糖和维生素C含量,降低果实的酸度,提高果实的品质;大棚措施的增产效果最好,与对照相比增产率达到78.4%.

Using ＇Dongkui＇ bayberry cultivar as test plant,the effects of different antifreeze patterns on grain yield and fruit quality of bayberry grown in mountainous areas were studied in the field experiments during 2008 and 2010.Results showed that,compared with the control,the antifreeze patterns significantly reduced the decline rate of the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of bayberry leaves in winter,and the effect of the greenhouse pattern was the best,whose decline rate was 11.0%,20.3%,16.5%,respectively,and the water content of bayberry leaves under greenhouse pattern remained stable in the winter period.The antifreeze patterns could promote the growth of spring shoots and increased their nitrogen contents.Compared with the control,the increasing rate of nitrogen content of spring shoots under greenhouse pattern was the biggest,increasing by 14.6%.The antifreeze patterns significantly increased the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of fruits,especially the greenhouse pattern being the best.Compared with the traditional antifreeze patterns,the greenhouse pattern significantly improved mass,soluble solid,sugar and vitamin C contents of the bayberry fruit,and reduced the acidity of fruit,and then improved fruit quality of bayberry.The yield of bayberry under greenhouse pattern was the greatest and increased by 78.4% compared with the control.