对乌托邦及其在中国历史与现实中意义的探讨

A Discussion of Utopia and Its Significance in Chinese History and Reality

乌托邦既是对美好社会的设计,又表达着对不合理社会现实的批判和超越。从前一角度讲,它是空想的代名词;从后一角度讲,它又是一种健康的精神力量。在中国思想史上,先秦时期的儒墨道各家在对现实批判中都体现了一种乌托邦精神。在长期的封建社会里,乌托邦精神又表现在不满于现实的士人的超世追求,主张改革的政治家和儒家学者的政治理想以及农民反对封建现实的追求中。近代以来则成为先进中国人判断资本主义、追求公平和谐的大同理想社会的体现。在中国特色社会主义发展中,它仍是消除现代性悖论,建设小康、实现和谐和解决民生的精神力量。

Utopia is not only the design of a better society,but also expressing the criticism and surmounting to the irrational social reality.By the former point of view,it is synonymous with fantasy;from the latter perspective,it is a healthy spiritual strength.In the history of Chinese thought,Confucianism,Mohism and Taoism in Pre-qin period have all embodied one kind of Eutopia spirit in criticizing the reality.In the long-term feudal society,the utopian spirit manifests itself in scholars＇ pursuit of ultra-world of discontenting reality,in the political ideal of pro-reform politicians and Confucianist scholars and in peasants ＇ pursuit of opposing the feudal reality.In modern times it beame an embodiment of the advanced Chinese to judge the capitalism and pursue fair and harmonious society of Datong ideal.In the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics,it still is the spiritual strength to remove modernity paradox,build comparatively well-off society,achieve harmony and resolve people＇s livelihood.