延安地区土壤中石油类污染物测定方法的研究

Study on the determination method of petroleum pollutants in soil in Yan'an area

以三氯甲烷和石油醚的混合溶剂(V三氯甲烷∶V石油醚=2∶1)为提取剂,用重量法和紫外分光光度法测定了延安地区土壤中石油污染物的含量,并对土样中石油类污染物的提取和测量方法进行了比较研究。结果表明,采用单一的有机溶剂如三氯甲烷、石油醚、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、正己烷和环己烷等作提取剂,石油污染物的提取效果不理想,而采用三氯甲烷和石油醚的混合溶剂(V三氯甲烷∶V石油醚=2∶1)为提取剂,提取效果较好。土壤样品中石油污染物经提取后用紫外分光光度法测定,操作简单、试剂用量少、污染小,结果的精度较好,适合于延安地区土壤中石油类污染物含量的测定。

The content of petroleum pollutants in soil in Yan＇an area was determined by gravimetric method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry using trichloromethane and petroleum ether mixed solvent（Vtrichloromethane∶Vpetroleum ether=2∶1） as extractant.Moreover,the extraction of petroleum pollutants in soil and determination method of oil content in soil were compared and studied.The results showed that the extraction results of petroleum pollutants were not satisfactory if single organic solvent was used such as trichloromethane,petroleum ether,dichloromethane,carbon tetrachloride,normal hexane or cyclohexane.When trichloromethane and petroleum ether mixed solvent（Vtrichloromethane∶Vpetroleum ether=2∶1） was used as extractant,the extraction results were good.After extraction,the petroleum pollutants in soil sample were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,with simple operation,a small quantity of reagent and good determination precision.The ultraviolet spectrophotometry was suitable for the determination of petroleum pollutants in soil in Yan＇an area.