旅行费用法在旅游资源价值评估中的若干问题述评

Review on Several Issues of Travel Cost Method in Tourist Resources Valuation

旅行费用法(TCM)是一种基于观测资料评估旅游资源价值的显示偏好法。论文在文献梳理的基础上,对TCM研究过程中的偏差进行了述评,并指出了可能的解决方案;然后,讨论了TCM的有效性、适用性以及合法性,并提出进一步研究的重点和方向。文献综述表明:常见的TCM模型可以分为ZTCM、TCIA、GTCM、ITCM、HTCM和RUM六种类型,在研究中应根据实际情况选择合适的模型;旅行费用测度中的内生分层、抽样误差、时间的机会成本计算、多目的地之间的费用分成等问题,需求函数估算中的多重共线性、内生性、函数形式的选择等问题,均会导致评估结果出现偏差;TCM在发展中国家的有效性、适用性和合法性遭到了质疑,但仍不失为一种评估旅游资源价值的有效手段;今后的研究要加强TCM中的偏差分析及有效性检验,并着力于模型的修正和改进,加强TCM与CVM的结合,提高研究方法的有效性。

Travel Cost Method（TCM） is a revealed preference approach for valuing tourist resources based on observed economic behavior.In TCM research,several problems,including selecting model,measuring travel cost and estimating the demand function,are controversial.Based on the literature review and analysis,this paper discusses the biases in TCM research and puts forward some solutions respectively.After that,the validity,applicability and legality of TCM are discussed and the emphasis and direction of the future research are proposed.The result of literature review shows that： 1） there are six categories of TCM,including ZTCM,TCIA,GTCM,ITCM,HTCM and RUM;2） the following problems,which include endogenous stratification,sampling errors,opportunity cost of time and multi-destination trip during the measurement of travel cost,and multi-colinearity,endogeneity and the choice of function form during the estimation of recreational demand function,may lead to biases in TCM valuation;3） although there are various defects in validity in developing countries,and its applicability and legality are controversial,TCM is still an effective method to measure the recreational value of tourist resources;and 4） the development of TCM should shift gradually from case study to bias analysis and validity test,and then,modification and improvement of the TCM model,especially the combination of the TCM and CVM,should be emphasized to establish and perfect the TCM implementation rules that are suitable to developing countries.