黄土半干旱区柴胡低耗高效优化施肥模式研究

The Study on the Optimization Models of High-yield and Low Consumption Fertilization for Bupeurum chinense DC.in Semi-arid Region of the Loess Plateau

为黄土半干旱区寻找柴胡栽培高效低耗施肥方案,采用二次通用旋转组合设计,通过田间试验建立了氮、磷、钾3种肥料与柴胡根产量的数学模型。结果表明,氮、磷、钾对于柴胡根产量的增产作用大小依次为:磷肥>钾肥>氮肥,其中在试验施肥范围内氮肥和磷肥存在最佳施肥量,而钾肥未达到最佳施肥量。磷肥和钾肥间存在互作效应,高产出现在高磷高钾情况下,最大产量可达700kg/hm2。寻优结果表明,柴胡经济产量在600kg/hm2以上,纯收入在22500元/hm2元以上,95%的置信区间下,优化施肥量为:尿素,150.90～209.14kg/hm2;过磷酸钙,753.38～933.05kg/hm2;硫酸钾,190.96～255.62kg/hm2。氮磷钾施肥量与柴胡产量有紧密的联系;在黄土高原区,需施高钾已达到产量最高。

In order to find the large-yield and low-consumption fertilization program to Bupeurum chinense DC in semi-arid region of the loess plateau,the mathematical model of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application code on root yield a of Bupeurum chinense DC.was established based on field experiment using second universal rotary combination design,in semi-arid region of the loess plateau.The results showed that the order of the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield improvement was phosphoruspotassium nitrogen.Nitrogen and phosphorus had optimal fertilization amounts within the scope of experiment while potassium was not.And the fertilizer interaction effects were existed.There was great interaction between phosphoru and potassium,high root yield which up to 700 kg/hm 2 occurred in high phosphorus and potassium conditions.Optimization results showed that under these conditions which economic outputs was above 600 kg/hm 2,net income was above 22500 yuan/hm 2,and 95% confidence region,the optimal fertilization amounts was：N 150.90-209.14 kg/hm 2 ;P 753.38-933.05 kg/hm 2 ;K 190.96-255.62 kg/hm 2.Application quality of nitrogenous,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were closely related with yield of Bupeurum chinense DC.It should be used high potassium to reach high root yield.