张家港市不同城市化阶段的城市景观格局响应及驱动力分析

Analysis of the Response and Driving Force of Urban Landscape Pattern during Urbanization of Zhangjiagang City

以张家港市为研究对象,在3S技术和景观生态学理论指导下,利用1991～2006年的遥感影像、土地利用图及社会经济数据统计资料,结合梯度分析法,选择了8个景观格局指数,对张家港市城市化所经历的阶段和城市化不同阶段的城市景观格局的变化特点进行分析。结果表明:张家港市城市化主要分为两个阶段1,991～2001年为张家港市的城市化阶段2,001～2006年为张家港市的农村城市化阶段;两个城市化阶段均可通过各景观指数在景观层次的变化特征表现出来。在城市化阶段,张家港市主城区响应较明显,城市景观格局变化较大,在农村城市化阶段,张家港市农村地区响应较为明显,农村景观格局变化较大。张家港市的城市化过程符合基于人口理论和扩展波理论的城市化模式,城市化先影响到主城区,然后逐渐向周边扩展,进而影响到广大农村地区。在农村城市化阶段,农业用地的缩减和破碎现象严重,因此在该阶段需要加强对农地的保护。

By taking Zhangjiagang City as the research object,with the guidance of 3S（GIS,GPS and RS） and the theory of landscape ecology,based on the remote sensing images between 1991 and 1996,land use maps and social-economic statistical data,by combining with gradient analytical method,eight landscape pattern indexes had been selected to analyze the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City and urban landscape pattern change characteristics at different stages of urbanization.The results showed that the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City could be divided into two stages which were the urbanization of Zhangjiagang City from 1991 to 2001 and rural urbanization of Zhangjiagang City from 2001 to 2006 based on landscape indexes＇ change characteristics.During urbanization,the response was obvious in the major area of Zhangjiagang City,and urban landscape pattern changed greatly.During rural urbanization,the response was obvious in rural area of Zhangjiagang City and rural landscape pattern changed greatly.The urbanization of Zhangjiagang City conformed to the urbanization mode based on population theory and extension theory.Urbanization firstly affected the major area,and then extended to the surrounding areas,and further influenced widespread rural areas.During rural urbanization,agricultural land had decreased and been seriously destroyed;thus,it should strengthen the protection of agricultural land.