感潮河道生物膜吸附重金属性能及迁移规律研究

Study on Adsorption and Migration Regularity of Heavy Metals by Biofilm in Tidal River

[目的]研究感潮河道生物膜对重金属的吸附性能及迁移规律。[方法]利用ICP-AES法,测定了感潮河道生物膜(自然和人工培养)及其附近河道底泥(表层沉积物)和水体中的重金属(Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量,研究了感潮河道生物膜对重金属的吸附性能,并进一步探究重金属在生物膜和河道底泥中的迁移规律。[结果]在感潮河道环境下,重金属在生物膜中和底泥中的含量水平基本相当;生物膜对重金属的吸附有一定的局限性,其吸附性能受多种因素的影响,如生物膜特性、重金属种类和存在形态、底泥中重金属含量、河道水文条件及地质形态、生物膜的成膜时间等;重金属通过水体在生物膜和底泥间迁移,最终达到动态平衡,表现出一定的规律性。[结论]该研究为今后利用生物膜法修复感潮河道重金属污染提供了依据。

[Objective] The aim was to study the adsorption and migration regularity of heavy metals by biofilm in tidal rivers.[Method] By using ICP-AES method,the content of heavy metals（Mn,Zn,Cu,Pb,Ni and Cd） in biofilms（natural and artificial）,its adjacent surface sediment and river water was determined,then the absorption of heavy metals by biofilm was studied,and the migration regularity of heavy metals between biofilm and surface sediment was discussed further.[Result] In tidal rivers,the content of heavy metals in biofilms usually corresponded to that in nearby surface sediment;the adsorption capacity of heavy metals by biofilms showed certain limitation,which were impacted by several factors,such as biofilm characteristics,types and existing forms of heavy metals,content of heavy metals in the surface sediment,hydrological conditions and geological forms of the river,forming time of biofilm,etc.The migration of heavy metals between biofilm and surface sediment through the body of water in tidal rivers showed certain regularity,and reached dynamic balance finally.[Conclusion] The research could provide some references for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in tidal rivers by using biofilm in the future.