金华市婺城区城市老龄化家庭调查

Aging urban families survey in Wucheng District of Jinhua

目的:了解城市老龄化家庭的基本情况,探索影响健康的家庭因素。方法:以WHO全球老龄化与成人健康研究(SAGE)家庭调查资料为基础,采用SPSS13.0做统计学分析。结果:婺城区城市老龄化家庭户均人口2.28人,60岁及以上人口占46.28%;50岁以上人群中20.29%的家庭不与孩子一起居住。75.16%人在婚或同居,离异占2.51%,丧偶人群中,女性占84.67%,丧偶女性占女性总数的14.95%;不同性别间教育程度不同。人均年收入与年支出低于市区同期水平,食物支出占总支出的54.14%,高于市区平均数。因为健康原因需要照顾的占2.63%,有16.30%的对象没有强制性或自愿性医疗保险。结论:老龄化是当前主要社会问题,老龄化家庭面临着退休、低收入、低消费和丧偶等一系列问题,因为低出生率,家庭结构逐年变小,因为年龄和疾病,许多人需要照顾,而目前养老和医疗保险不尽完善,加剧了老龄化家庭的负担。因此,政府需要制定相应的帮扶政策,加强居民社会养老保险和医疗保险,缓解老龄化家庭的经济压力,同时关心老龄人群的文化、卫生保健兴趣,引导他们投入社区活动,提高社会的健康环境,达到安老目的。

Objective To understand the basic situation of the aging urban families,and to explore the household factors affecting health.Methods Based on the WHO global aging and adult health study（SAGE）,the survey data were analyzed with SPSS13.0.Results Household population in aging urban families of Wucheng district averaged 2.28,60 years or older population accounting for 46.28%.Of the population above 50 years old 20.29% did not live together with their children.75.16% married or cohabiting,divorced population accounting for 2.51%.Among widowed people,women made up 84.67%,widowed women accounting for 14.95% of the total.Education degree differed between different genders.The annual expenditure and per capita income was lower than those in downtown.Food expenses accounted for 54.14% of th total,which was higher than the city averages.For health reasons,2.63% of the population was in need of care.16.30% had no mandatory or voluntary medical insurance.Conclusion Aging is the main issue of the society.Aging families face a series of problems including retirement,low-income,low consumption and widowed living.Due to low birth rate,families become smaller and because of age and disease,many people are in need of care,but the pension and medical insurance is not perfect which aggravates aging families burden.So the government should formulate corresponding supporting policies,strengthen social endowment insurance and medical insurance,alleviate financial problems in aging families,arouse health care interest of the elderly and direct them to take part in community activities,and improve the social health environment.