骨顶鸡的种内巢寄生现象及其抵御机制初探

Preliminary Study on Conspecific Brood Parasitism and Defense Mechanism of Fulica atra

在2008～2009年2个繁殖季节对黑龙江省安邦河湿地自然保护区和大庆龙凤湿地自然保护区的骨顶鸡(Fulica atra)种群进行了调查。结果发现,骨顶鸡具有很高比例的种内巢寄生现象,平均巢寄生比例达38.55%;且发现骨顶鸡具有类似于同属的美洲骨顶鸡(F.americana)的拒卵方式,主要包括埋卵、逐出和啄破。对寄生巢与非寄生巢的最近巢间距离的比较结果显示,寄生巢的巢间距离小于非寄生巢,但二者差异不显著。结合调查中发现的骨顶鸡的领域行为等现象,对骨顶鸡抵御种内巢寄生的机制进行了探讨。

We investigated breeding biology on two populations of Common Coots（Fulica atra） in Anbanghe Wetland and Longfeng Wetland,Heilongjiang Province,China,in 2008 and 2009 and found out that conspecific brood parasitism was common in the two populations.The proportion of parasite nests was 38.55% on average in the two populations.Egg recognition and rejection was a particularly defense taken by the hosts parasitized by the neighbors or floaters,egg buried and ejection as well as piped were the common manners of parasite defense.The nearest distance between parasite nests was 41.906±4.035 m（n=32） which is smaller than nearest distance（51.765±4.532 m,n=51） between un-parasite nests.However,the difference was not significant（t=-1.503,df=81,P=0.137）.It seems the territory behaviors of F.atra in breeding season play a role in the conspecific parasitism,which has been hypothesized and needed to be tested in the future study.