危害广西红树林的四种蓑蛾的发生和传播规律初探

The occurrence and propagation conditions of four Psychidae species in mangrove

通过对广西北海、山口、钦州、防城港4个红树林集中分布区蓑蛾发生情况进行调查,研究了不同蓑蛾发生规律、行为习性、耐水淹等特性。结果表明:小蓑蛾Acanthopsyche subferalbata Hampson的发生范围最广,褐蓑蛾Mahasena colona Sonan的发生范围最小;桐花树遭受蓑蛾危害最严重,木榄和红海榄的蓑蛾危害较轻,野外未发现蓑蛾危害老鼠勒和海漆;蓑蛾发生程度钦州>防城港>北海>山口,种群呈现以钦州为中心向东西2个海岸带扩散的规律。选择性取食试验、水淹试验和耐饥饿试验表明,蓑蛾属于杂食性昆虫,可取食多种红树植物,易在不同红树植物之间传播;4种蓑蛾耐水淹能力依次为:蜡彩蓑蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts>小蓑蛾>白囊蓑蛾Chalioides kondonis Mats>褐蓑蛾,耐水淹能力与分布范围基本呈正相关;耐饥饿能力依次为:蜡彩蓑蛾>小蓑蛾>白囊蓑蛾>褐蓑蛾;4种蓑蛾初孵幼虫的爬行速度依次为:白囊蓑蛾>褐蓑蛾>蜡彩蓑蛾>小蓑蛾。

The propagation conditions of four Psyohidae species on mangroves in Guangxi Beihai,Shankou,Qinzhou and Fangchenggang was investigated focusing mainly on habitat preferences,behavior and how these insects endure flooding.The results indicate that Acanthopsyche subferalbata Hampson had the broadest distribution,and Mahasena colona Sonan the smallest,both species causing enormous damage to Aegiceras corniculatum.However,damage to Sonneratia apetala and Bruguiera gymnoihiza（L.） Savigny was relatively light and no damage was recorded on Excoecaria agallocha L.and A.xiamenensis.The abundance of these four pest species in the four localities studied was,in descending order,QinzhouFangchenggangBeihaiShankou,with the distribution centered on Qinzhou.Food choice experiments indicate that these pests are omnivorous.Their relative tolerance to flooding was,in descending order;Chalia larminati Heylaerts Acanthopsyche subferalbata Hampson Chalioides kondonis Matsumura Mahasena colona Sonan.The relative ability of these species to endure starvation was,in descending order;Chalia larminati Heylaerts Acanthopsyche subferalbata Hampson Chalioides kondonis Matsumura Mahasena colona Sonan.The relative climbing speed of newly hatched larvae was,in descending order;Chalioides kondonis Matsumura Mahasena colona Sonan Chalia larminati Heylaerts Acanthopsyche subferalbata Hampson.