光制造科学与技术的现状和展望

Photonic Manufacturing Science & Technology:Overview and Outlook

光制造是通过光与物质的相互作用,实现材料成形与改性的过程。其典型工具是激光。由于激光在能量、时间、空间方面的可选择范围很宽,可形成超快、超强、超短等极端物理条件,其制造过程所产生的物理化学效应、加工机理有许多不同于传统制造的独特之处,形成以超高加热速度、远离平衡态快速凝固、非接触式等为典型特征的加工方式,由此产生了一批新技术、一批新产品,使一批产品高性能化,形成了相应的高新技术产业群。概述光制造特别是激光制造技术的发展历史、现状与未来发展趋势,提出未来5～10年光制造技术基础研究领域可能存在的研究热点。

Photonic manufacturing（PM） is a process in which structures are formed and/or materials properties are modified by photon-materials interaction.Lasers are representative tools of PM.Due to the broad ranges of processing windows in terms of power densities,time scale and space scale of various optical sources,and the possible formation of some extreme（ultra-powerful,ultrafast and ultra-short） physical conditions,PM distinguishes itself from conventional manufacturing technologies in the physical/chemical mechanisms,and thus creates unique processing methods with superheating,non-linear,non-equilibrium,non-contact characteristics.PM introduces some novel technologies,catalyzes some new products,improves the qualities of some products,and establishes some high-tech industries.The development milestones,challenges future directions of photonic manufacturing are reviewed and the potential research frontiers in the upcoming 5～10 years are discussed.