星油藤种子萌发的生态学特性研究

Ecological Characteristics of Germination of Plukenetia volubilis Seeds

对星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.)成熟种子特征及影响种子萌发的因素进行了研究。结果表明,星油藤种子的萌发对温度非常敏感,低温(15℃)下种子的萌发率极低;在25℃～35℃的适宜温度下,2周内种子全部萌发,25℃/15℃的变温没有显著提高种子的萌发率。光照不是星油藤种子萌发的必要条件,但能使种子在变温条件下萌发率降低。种子经极度脱水(1.55%)和液氮处理24 h后,在合适温度(30℃)下仍能全部萌发。常温环境(25℃～35℃,适宜水分)下星油藤种子就可以非常好地萌发,这也是原产地热带雨林林下幼苗更新良好的原因,因此,星油藤适宜采用种子育苗。

The characteristics of mature seeds and the effect factors of temperature, light and lroisture content on seed gern-fination of Plukenetia volubilis were studied. The results showed that the gern^ation of P. volubilis seeds was e^remely sensitive to terrpemture with very low germinate rate at 15℃, while all seeds could geminate within two weeks under 25℃-35℃. The tenpemture fluctuation （25℃/15℃ ）did not increase markedly seed gerrrmation rate. The illurrfiaation was not necessary condition to seed gernmation, but light decreased seed gerrfination rate under terrpemture fluctuation （25℃/15℃）. All of seeds could geminate at normal tetrpemture （30℃） even with extremely low relative water content （1.55%） and treated with liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. P. volubilis seeds could geminate well with suitable moisture content at 25℃- 35℃, it was reason that P. volubilis seedlings had good restoration under provenance of tropical rain forest. So P. volubilis was suitable for seed breeding.