花岗岩侵蚀区不同恢复阶段的植物群落特征

Characters of communities of different restoration vegetation stages in granite erosion region

对未治理的花岗岩侵蚀区恢复9、25、70 a的4个群落(C1、C2、C3、C4)进行调查,结果表明:群落各层次物种组成及数量差异很大,C1以耐旱耐贫瘠的先锋植物为主,C3、C4出现一定量的阔叶树种,其中C3以显齿蛇葡萄为群落重要特征;植物区系起源古老,保留有第四纪区系成分,属地理分布区,以泛热带分布为主,其次是北温带分布与热带亚洲分布;层间植物、灌木层及整个群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Smpson指数及物种丰富度随恢复时间的延长而增大,Pielou均匀度变化小(其变化因垂直层次而异).

The unrestored control plot（community C1） and 3 other plots restored over past 9（C2）,25（C3） and 70（C4） years respectively in the degraded granite region were investigated.The results showed that there were obvious differences in the composition and the number of species of the community vertical structures;most of the species were pioneer plants with high tolerance to drought and infertility in C1,while some broad-leaved tree seedlings growing in C3 and C4,and C3 were characterized by Ampelopsis grossedentata;flora originated in the Quaternary period.The genera of vascular plants in the communities was mainly distributed in pan-tropic,some genera distributed in north temperated and tropic Asia.The indexes of Shannon-Wiener,Smpson,species richness in interlayers,shrub layers and the whole communities increased with the increase of the duration of convalescence,while the Pielou′s index changed indistinctively and was variable in different vertical structures.