特质性焦虑对风险明确及不明确情境下决策的不同影响

Trait anxiety has effect on decision making under ambiguity, but not decision making under risk

目的探讨特质性焦虑对风险明确及不明确情境下决策的影响是否相同。方法依据特质性焦虑的得分，185名被试被分成高特质性焦虑组（HTA）、中特质性焦虑组（MTA）、低特质性焦虑组（LTA），分别对3组被试进行爱荷华博弈测试、色子测试及威斯康辛卡片测试。结果相对于MTA被试，HTA、LTA被试在风险不明确情境下的决策表现较差[MTA：（2．08±18．51）次；HTA：（5．62±20．35）次；LTA：（5．94±10．96）次]，差异有显著性（F=3．86，P=0．023），特质性焦虑与风险不明确情境下决策表现的关系类似于倒“U”字型；MTA、HTA、LTA3组被试在风险明确情境下的决策表现差异不明显[MTA：（4．55±10．17）次；HTA：（4．00±9．75）次；LTA：（4．33±11．20）次]，无统计学意义（F=0．03，P=0．968），同时在执行功能及反馈加工上也没有显著差异。结论特质性焦虑影响风险不明确情境下的决策，而对风险明确情境下的决策没有影响。

Objective To investigate whether the effects of trait anxiety on decision making under risk and decision making under ambiguity are the same. Methods 185 subjects were grouped into high trait anxiety （HTA） ,medium trait anxiety （MTA） and low trait anxiety （LTA） groups based on their trait anxiety scores. All subjects were assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task （IGT） ,the Game of Dice Task （GDT） and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task （WCST）. Results HTA and LTA subjects compared to MTA subjects were impaired in decision making under ambiguity （ MTA ：2.08 ± 18.51 ; HTA ：5.62 ±20.35 ; LTA ： 5.94 ±10.96, F = 3.86, P = 0. 023 ） , the relation between trait anxiety and IGT performance resembled the curved shape of an inverted U. Pertbrmanees of the three groups had no differences on decision making under risk （ MTA ：4.55 ± 10.17 ; HTA ：4, 00 ± 9.75 ; LTA ：4.33± 11.20, F= 0.03, P = 0. 968 ）, and had no differences on executive functions and feedback processing. Conclusion Trait anxiety has effect on decision making under ambiguity, but not decision making under risk. The results provide support for the idea that decision making under ambiguity and decision making under risk are different processes, moreover, support and extend the view that emotion has an impact on cognitive function.