德国法律解释权配置的历史演变

Historical Development of Distribution of Legal Interpretation Power in Germany

中世纪封建国家时期,德国的法律解释权控制在多种主体手中。封建社会后期到第一帝国时期,由立法者掌握法律解释权发展为法官行使有限的法律解释权。从《普鲁士邦法》严厉禁止法官行使法律解释权,到《德国民法典》赋予法官有限的法律解释权,跟当时的具体情况有着密切的关系。魏玛共和国以来,德国逐渐公开承认法院和法官的法律解释权。当代德国对法院和法官法律解释权的承认,具有其历史必然性。

During the period of feudal state in middle age,the power of legal interpretation was held by multiple subjects.From late feudal state period to first empire,the power went from control by legislators to limited use by justices.The execution of the power of legal interpretation relates closely to specific situation,which can be seen from Allgemeines Landrecht fair dieprenssischen Staaten which severely forbids justices exercising the power of legal interpretation and from Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch which gives the justice limited power.Since Weimarer Republik Germany has publically admitted that courts and justices own the power of legal interpretation.Therefore,it is historically inevitable for contemporary Germany to approve that the power of legal interpretation is handled by courts and justices.