美国能源安全立法及其对我国的借鉴意义

The Legislation of American Energy Safety and Its Quotable Significance to China

美国能源安全立法在理念层面特别关注经济安全、人体健康和环境保护。在此基础上,美国形成了较为完善的能源安全法律体系,近年来颁布的较为重要的立法包括2005年《能源政策法》、2007年《能源独立和安全法》和2009年《清洁能源与安全法》。石油储备机制、风险防控机制、能效推进机制、国际合作机制等在美国能源安全保障中发挥了重要的作用。美国能源安全立法较为及时,法律体系较为完备,法律制度可操作性较强,注重发挥市场机制的作用,立法与政策有机结合。根据美国的成熟经验,同时考虑到我国的具体国情,建议我国在进一步能源安全立法中明确指导思想,健全法律体系,完善法律制度,并加强法律实施。

The idea of legislation of American energy safety emphasizes on economic safety,human health and environmental protection.Based on this emphasis a legal system of energy safety has been formed completely in America.The important legislation issued in recent years includes Energy Policy Act 2005,Energy Independence and Security Act 2007,and Clean Energy and Security Act 2009.Oil reserve mechanism,risk prevention and control mechanism,mechanism of energy efficiency promotion and international cooperation mechanism play an important role in protecting the safety of American energy.The legislation of American energy safety is very timely,market-functioned and well-combined with policies.It owns complete legal system and operational rules.Therefore,according to the matured experience of America and on the consideration of Chinese situation this paper suggests clarifying the ideas for guidance,completing legal system,improving legal rules and reinforcing legal practice in the further legislation of energy safety in China.