区域拥挤收费与停车换乘的组合措施

Measures for Combining Area-Based Congestion Pricing with Park and Ride

区域拥挤收费对限制小汽车进入城市中心区域具有很好的效果,停车换乘在不影响驾车便利性的同时,鼓励市民采用公共交通出行.文中将此缓解大城市交通拥挤问题的两种有效措施相结合,建立了区域拥挤收费与停车换乘组合网络均衡模型.用该模型研究了小汽车和公交车混合交通出行行为,并提出了一个改进的基尼系数用以评估组合措施下社会和空间的不公平性.以广州市为例对该模型进行研究,结果表明:组合措施下的总用户效益虽然低于单一的区域拥挤收费措施,但却极大地降低了社会和空间不公平性,使该措施具有高度的社会认可度和可操作性;与单一的停车换乘措施相比,组合措施能够在不显著影响社会和空间不公平性的情况下获得较大的总用户效益.

Based on the fact that the area-based congestion pricing may well restrict cars from running into urban centers and park and ride（PR） can encourage passengers to choose public transportation without affecting the convenience of driving,this paper establishes a network equilibrium model combining these two schemes which can effectively relieve the traffic congestion in big cities.Then,this model is used to analyze the mixed travel behaviors of cars and buses.Moreover,a modified Gini coefficient is proposed to evaluate the social and spatial equity with the help of the combination measures.Finally,some tests are conducted in the city of Guangzhou,China.The results show that,by using the proposed combination model,the total user benefit is less than that obtained by means of single area-based congestion pricing,while the social and spatial equity is much better,and that,as compared with single PR,the adoption of the proposed combination model can increase the total user benefit without significant influence on the social and spatial equity.