利文斯顿雏菊花色素成分及其稳定性研究

Studies on the feature of flower pigments of Dorotheanthus bellidiformis

【目的】研究利文斯顿雏菊的花色素成分及其稳定性,为草花花色遗传育种提供理论依据。【方法】以利文斯顿雏菊8个品系为试验材料,通过特征颜色反应、显色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描分析,确定其花色素成分,并分析温度和光照对花色素稳定性的影响。【结果】利文斯顿雏菊花色素属于类黄酮化合物,含黄酮和花色素苷,可能含异黄酮、二氢黄酮和二氢黄酮醇,不含橙酮和查耳酮;白色品系只含黄酮和黄酮醇;粉红内白、橙色和黄色3个品系除含黄酮和黄酮醇外,可能还含异黄酮;玫红内白、玫红内黄和和西瓜红色3个品系含花色素苷、黄酮、黄酮醇等,且存在酰基基团,另外,玫红内黄品系还含二氢黄酮醇;粉红内黄品系含黄酮、黄酮醇和二氢黄酮醇;8个品系花色的黄酮类化合物中含醇羟基和酮羟基,不含酚羟基。温度对利文斯顿雏菊花色素稳定性的影响较大,60～80℃时,吸光度的下降趋势最为明显;光照对玫红内白、玫红内黄和西瓜红色3个品系的影响较大。【结论】利文斯顿雏菊不同品系花色素中的黄酮类化合物种类不同,温度和光照对其花色素稳定性的影响较大,且不同品系受到的影响程度不同。

【Objective】 This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for Dorotheanthus bellidiformis breeding program by exploring the feature of flower pigment in eight cultivar lines and its stability.【Method】 We analyzed the composition of flower pigments and stability by the specific color reactions,UV-visible spectrum and treatment under different temperatures and lights among eight cultivar lines.【Result】 The results showed that the petal anthocyanidins belonged to flavonoids including flavones anthocyanins substance and might contain isoflavones flavanones,flavanonols,but no chalaones and aurones;White line just contained flavone and flavonol;White zone in pink,orange and yellow lines may contain isoflavone except flavone and flavonol;White zone in crimson,Gold zone in crimson and Melon red lines contained anthocyanin with acyl group,flavone and flavonol.Otherwise,the White zone in crimson include flavanonol;Gold zone in pink line included flavanonol except flavone and flavonol;Flavonoids in eight cultivar lines included alcoholichydroxyl and hydroxyketone,no phenolichydroxyl;There were very big effects of temperature on the stability of petal anthocyanidins.The downtrend was the most between 60 and 80 ℃;Under dark and light significant difference was shown,the compisition of anthocyanin declined sharply under light.There were significant difference among different cultivar lines,too.【Conclusion】 The kinds of flavonoids were different in different cultivar lines.Temprature and light have big effect on pigment stability of D.bellidiformis,and the affesting degree was different in different cultivar lines.