重庆四面山5种森林类型林冠截留影响因素浅析

Brief analysis on canopy interception effect and influencing factors of five forest types in Simian Mountain of Chongqing

【目的】探讨三峡库区影响不同森林类型林冠截留的各因素的主次关系。【方法】观测了2009年5-9月份25场降雨的相关数据,采用灰色关联分析法,对重庆四面山温性针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和暖性针叶林5种类型林分林冠截留的影响因素进行了研究。【结果】①不同类型林分的总林冠截留率大小顺序为暖性针叶林(42.70%)>温性针叶林(39.35%)>针阔混交林(39.05%)>常绿落叶阔叶混交林(36.28%)>常绿阔叶林(27.73%);平均林冠截留率大小顺序为暖性针叶林(50.08%)>针阔混交林(44.91%)>温性针叶林(44.18%)>常绿落叶阔叶混交林(42.13%)>常绿阔叶林(31.33%)。②各气象因子对温性针叶林林冠截留量的影响程度顺序为降雨量>降雨强度>风速>气温>空气湿度;对针阔混交林林冠截留量的影响程度顺序为降雨量>风速>降雨强度>空气湿度>气温;对常绿阔叶林林冠截留量的影响程度顺序为降雨量=降雨强度>风速=气温>空气湿度;对常绿落叶阔叶混交林林冠截留量的影响程度顺序为降雨量>降雨强度>风速>气温>空气湿度;对暖性针叶林林冠截留量的影响程度顺序为降雨量>降雨强度>风速>气温>空气湿度。③该地区各类型林分林冠截留量与降雨量呈幂函数关系,温性针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和暖性针叶林达到饱和截留量时的降雨量依次为102.4,55.4,52.2,101.4,102.4mm。【结论】不同类型林分的林冠截留能力大小不同,截留能力顺序为暖性针叶林>温性针叶林>针阔混交林>常绿落叶阔叶混交林>常绿阔叶林。

【Objective】 The study was to probe into the primary and secondary relation of factors influencing canopy interception of different forest types in Three Gorge Reservoir Region of Yangtze River.【Method】 Related data of 25 rainfalls from May to September in 2009 were observed.The paper made a grey correlation analysis on the research of factors influencing canopy interception among five forest type in Simian Mountain of Chongqing.【Result】 ①According to the general interception ratios from high to low,the five forest types are arranged as warm needle-leaved forest（42.70%）temperate needle-leaved forest（39.35%）broadleaf-conifer mixed forest（39.05%）evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest（36.28%）evergreen broad-leaved forest（27.73%）;According to the average interception ratios from high to low,the five types of forests are arranged as warm needle-leaved forest（50.08%）broadleaf-conifer mixed forest（44.91%）temperate needle-leaved forest（44.18%）evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest（42.13%）evergreen broad-leaved forest（31.33%）.②The influencing priority of meteorological factors for temperate needle-leaved forest is precipitationrainfall intensitywind velocitytemperatureair humidity.For broadleaf-conifer mixed forest,the priority is precipitationwind velocityrainfall intensitytemperature air humidity.For evergreen broad-leaved forest,the priority is precipitation=rainfall intensitywind velocity=temperatureair humidity.For evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,the priority is precipitationrainfall intensitywind velocitytemperatureair humidity.And for warm needle-leaved forest,the priority is precipitationrainfall intensitywind velocitytemperatureair humidity.③Between the canopy interception amount of each forest types and precipitation,a power function is shown.The precipitation of temperate needle-leaved forest,broadleaf-conifer mixed forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,warm needle-leaved forest standard land when reaching the saturated canopy interception is 102.4 mm（temperate needle-leaved forest）,55.4 mm（broadleaf-conifer mixed forest）,52.2 mm（evergreen broad-leaved forest）,101.4 mm（evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest） and 102.4 mm（warm needle-leaved forest）.【Conclusion】 Different forest types have different canopy interception capabilities.The priority of canopy interception capability of different forest types is warm needle-leaved foresttemperate needle-leaved forestbroadleaf-conifer mixed forestevergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forestevergreen broad-leaved forest.