某铅高暴露地区居民经饮食途径铅暴露的调查

Lead exposure of people living in a lead high exposure area from local diet

目的探讨某铅高暴露地区居民从饮食(饮用水和食物)途径获得的铅暴露水平,并评价该暴露导致的健康风险。方法随机选择某矿区居民和对照组居民2组人群共65人作为调查对象,测定其饮用水、自产蔬菜中铅含量以及血铅、尿铅含量,并结合膳食调查数据,估算调查对象饮食铅暴露量和饮食铅暴露导致的健康风险值,并评价饮食对人体铅含量的影响。结果该矿区饮用水和自产蔬菜铅含量(几何均数分别为20.6μg/L和1.61mg/kg)均高于对照地区(几何均数分别为6.0μg/L和0.56 mg/kg)(P<0.01)。矿区居民每日经饮食途径摄入的铅,男性为16.88μg/kg,女性为16.09μg/kg,高于对照组(P<0.01),但性别差异无显著性(P>0.05)。暴露导致的健康风险值分别为4.73和4.51,矿区居民的血铅、尿铅均显著高于对照组。结论该矿区由于饮食(饮用水和食物)导致的铅暴露具有较高的健康风险,长期暴露将会导致人体内的铅含量增高。

Objective To study the lead exposure of people living in a lead high exposure area from local diet,and to assess its health risks.Methods Thirty five subjects were selected by random from a mining area and another 30 subjects were selected from a non-polluted area.The exposure of lead was estimated by the content of lead in drinking water and vegetables,and health risks was estimated by the levels of lead in blood and urine.Results The content of lead in drinking water and vegetables in the mining area was 20.6μg/L and 1.61mg/kg（geometric mean） respectively,which were higher than that in the unpolluted area（6.0μg/L and 0.56 mg/kg,geometric mean）（P0.01）.The daily lead exposure of male and female inhabitants in the mining area from diet was 16.88μg/kg and 16.09μg/kg respectively,which was higher than that in the unpolluted area（P0.01）,but the sex difference was not significant statistically（P0.05）.Blood lead and urine lead of inhabitants in the mining-area were higher than those in the unpolluted area.The health risks for male and female inhabitants in the mining area were 4.73 and 4.51.Conclusion The health risks of lead exposure caused by diet（drinking water and food） were relatively high in the mining area.