论跨境环境损害民事责任的法律适用——以冲突规范为研究对象

Legal Application of Civil Damage of Transnational Environment

作为统一实体法规范的国际环境民事责任公约在高度危险活动领域如核能利用、石油污染等发挥着巨大作用,但对于一般环境损害未做任何规定,因此,需要由国内冲突法规范加以调整。由于传统的调整方法——侵权行为地法很难解决当今环境损害中的所有问题,笔者以为在继续追求冲突法正义的同时也应顾及到索赔主体实体利益的保护,于是,有必要考虑新的系属公式如当事人合意选择的法律、对受害人有利的法律等。但仍应赋予侵权行为地法最重要的地位,同时采用选择性冲突规则。

International environmental civil liability conventions play a huge role in the highly dangerous activity areas, such as nuclear leak, oil pollution, but there are not any rules about the general environmental damage. Therefore, it is necessary to make adjustments from the domestic conflict of laws. Because it is difficult to solve all issues by the traditional method in the transboundary envionmental damage, it is necessary to consider the new formula, such as the principle of autonomy of will, the favorable law to the victim, in order to balance the justice of conflict law and substantive law.