我国进口机械设备的技术结构及其资本体现式技术溢出效应

Technological Structure of China' Machinery Imports and Its Capital-embodied Technological Spillover Effect

文章利用1985-2007年世界107个国家SITC三位码分类下60多类机械设备进口数据,以出口品生产世界份额的相对权重,测度我国进口机械设备的技术含量和技术结构,并从产品层面构建进口机械设备技术水平与全要素生产率关系模型,检验进口机械设备的资本体现式技术溢出效应。结果显示:(1)我国进口机械设备的技术结构不断升级,中高技术含量和中等技术含量的机械设备进口比重逐年提高,低技术含量机械设备进口比重持续下降。(2)发达国家源于资金和人力资本优势主要引进高技术含量的机械设备,而包括我国在内的发展中国家受资金、技术水平和人力资源的约束,则以进口中等技术含量的机械设备为主。(3)我国进口机械设备的资本体现式技术溢出效应显著,但主要作用于非中性技术进步。

This paper employs the import data of over 60 types of machinery in 107 countries from 1985 to 2007,and the relative weight of exports production shares to measure the technological content of China＇s machinery imports and the technological structure.Then it studies the capital-embodied technological spillover effect of machinery imports by constructing a model concerning the relationshipbetween technological level of machinery imports and total factor productivity from the product angle.The results are as follows： firstly,the technological structure of China＇s machinery imports is constantly being upgraded,and the proportion of medium-tech and high-tech machinery imports is increasing year by year while the proportion of low-tech machinery imports is declining continuously;secondly,developing countries including China mainly import medium-tech machinery for lack of funds,technology and human capital,while developed countries mainly import high-tech machinery because of the advantages of funds and human capital;thirdly,the capital-embodied technological spillover effect of China＇s machinery imports is significant,which mainly plays a role in non-neutral technological progress.