西吉气候变化及其对马铃薯产量的影响

Climate change and its impacts on potato production in Xiji

结合西吉1961—2008年的气象资料和同期的马铃薯产量资料,分析了西吉气候变化的主要特征以及马铃薯产量与不同气候因子的相关关系。结果表明:近50年来,西吉地区的年平均气温与地温均有不同幅度的升高,10℃初日明显提前、积温增加,降水则呈下降趋势,相对湿度变化不显著,日照时数与平均风速变化较小。除发芽期的日照时数对马铃薯产量有显著影响外,发棵期的各个气象因子对其产量影响均较大,其中平均气温与相对湿度均对马铃薯产量有显著影响,发棵期是马铃薯产量形成的关键生育期。气候变化对马铃薯生产造成了不利影响,因此,需采取调整播期、选用抗毒品种等措施来应对气候变化的不利影响。

Base on the meteorological data （1961--2008） and the output data of potato over the same period of Xiji, this paper investigated the major characteristics of climate change in Xiji and the correlation between potato yield and the different climatic factors. The main contents and results were as follows. Over the past 50 years, the annual mean temperature and ground temperature showed different increase rate; the first day of 10℃ was significantly early and the accumulated temperature was raised; the precipitation was decreasing; the change of relative humidity was not significant; sunshine time and mean wind velocity change wasn＇t obvious. In addition to that the sunshine time of seedling stage affected potato yield significantly, every meteorological factors of the flouring stage had a great impact on potato＇s production, including the mean temperature and relative humidity arriving at significant level. Flourishing stage was the key growth stage of potato. Now, climate change already had a negative impact on potato production. Therefore, we should take adaptation measures like adjusting the sowing and choosing the antitoxie varieties to cope with the adverse effects of climate change.