铁路列车真空厕所系统设计

Design of the vacuum toilet system for passenger train

针对我国目前使用的铁路直接排放式厕所不雅观不文明、污染环境、浪费水等问题,设计了真空厕所系统。真空厕所基于真空运输理论,利用真空泵抽取真空室、纳污罐和输送管道内的空气,降低其中的大气压力,一般在0.03MPa～0.05MPa范围内,接入便器,利用界面阀控制便器与管道通断,将粪便吸入至纳污罐,实现了粪便污物的抽吸。由于其冲洗水少,不易堵塞管路,整套系统密封,有效控制臭气外漏,不易污染环境,故其是新一代环保产品。研究了铁路列车真空厕所系统工作原理和工作过程,设计了其控制电路。

The direct discharge toilet used currently on the passenger train in China which pollutes the environment, is uncivilized and wastes water, a vacuum toilet system was thus designed. Based on the vacuum-transport theory, vacuum pump is used to extract the air in the vacuum chamber, pollutant-stored tank and transport pipes to reduce the pressure to the range of 0.03MPa to 0.05MPa. An interface valve, controls the on-off between the toilet and pipeline, and thus the stool is inhaled into the pollutant-stored tank. The vacuum toilet needs less water, and is not easy to be blocked. The entire system is sealed, which prevents the exhaust from leaking effectively and protects the environment. It is a new environment-friendly product. Its working principle and process was studied and the control circuit was designed.