中国城市农民工子女心理健康研究述评

Mental Health for the Children of Farmers Who Worked in City in China

城市农民工子女是指户籍身份还是农民,有承包土地,但主要从事非农产业、以工资为主要收入来源的进城务工人员的子女,他们一般为6～18周岁的适龄上学儿童少年。中国城市农民工子女心理健康的总体水平低于城市当地儿童,社会认知方面存在着一定的歧视知觉、相对剥夺感和身份认同危机,情绪情感方面表现为情绪不平衡、孤独(抑郁)倾向较强和自卑(自责)心理严重,社会适应方面显示出社会适应不良、人际关系紧张与敏感、学习适应性较差和问题行为较多。性别、年龄、人格、应对方式、生活满意度等个体因素以及家庭、学校、社会等环境因素是其心理健康水平的主要影响因素。而关于城市农民工子女的教育干预还没有形成系统,主要是一些质性的研究。今后研究的重点应包括研究对象与内容的拓宽、研究方法的改进与完善及系统研究和理论建构的加强等。

The children of farmers who worked in city refer to the group of those whose parents have the identity of peasant, the farmland by contract, but are mainly engaged in non-agricultural industries, and take the salary as their main source of income. They are generally the children of 6 to 18 who are at the right age to school. Generally speaking, the mental health of them is worse than that of the urban children. In social cognition, they have a certain discrimination perception, a feeling of relatively depriving and some identity crisis. In emotion and feeling, the imbalance of emotion, tendency of lonely （depression） and feeling of inferiority （self-accusation） are often serious. In social adaption, the social maladjustment, interpersonal tension and sensation, poorer learning adaptability and more behavior problems are obvious. Furthermore, the individual factors, such as gender, age, personality, coping style and life satisfaction, together with the environmental factors, such as factors from family, school and society, are the main influencing factors to their mental health. In addition, the education intervention for them are lack of systematization, which mainly are some qualitative researches. As a result, the broadening of study objects and contents, the improvement of research approaches, and the strengthening of systematic research and theoretical construction are the trends of research in this field.