特征框架效应的心理机制与影响因素

The Psychological Mechanism and Influential Factors of Attribute Framing Effect

特征框架效应是指当分别以积极框架和消极框架来描述给定情境中某一事物或事件的关键特征时,一般情况下人们更偏好以积极框架来描述其关键特征的事物或事件的现象。特征框架效应广泛的存在于消费、医学及政治等领域。目前,它的解释机制主要包括效价加工的认知机制、参照依赖、查询理论以及认知神经机制。它的影响因素主要包括经验、人格特质、计算能力以及认知闭合需要等。未来的研究应该从深入探索特征框架效应的产生根源和影响因素,拓展其应用研究,深入探索偏好消极框架下的特征框架效应以及探讨该现象与其它现象之间的关系等五方面展开。

Attribute framing effect refers to the phenomenon that evaluations of an object or event are more favorable if a key attribute within any given context is framed in positive rather than negative terms. Attribute framing effect widely exists in consumer judgment, medical treatments, political decision and other decision-making fields. Currently, the researchers have used cognitive mechanism of valence, reference dependence, query theory and the view of cognitive neural mechanisms to illustrate the generation mechanism of attribute framing effect. Researchers have found that experience, personality traits, numeracy, need for cognitive closure may influence the attribute framing effect. Future researches on attribute framing effect should focus on the following five aspects, such as deepening our understanding of its original roots and influential factors, expanding its applied values, exploring the situation in which decision maker prefer to the negative framing and at last clarifying the relationship between attribute framing effect and other decision phenomena.