非暴力革命——以苏州为典型的辛亥革命又一模式

Non-violence Revolution:Another Mode of the Revolution of 1911 Represented by the Peaceful Recovery of Suzhou

1911年苏州的"和平光复",堪称辛亥革命中非暴力革命的典型。这一典型引发了浙江、福建、广东等东南各省相继响应,形成了与武昌等地暴力革命相辅相成的辛亥革命又一模式。揆诸史实,苏州模式在汉阳失守、武昌岌岌可危之际,在东南财赋之地革命成功,并克服南京、截断运河,使清政府失去东南财赋与漕粮支持,无法持久,不得不逊位下台。辛亥革命首义于武昌,收功在江南,枢纽在苏州。漠视与否定辛亥革命中的苏州模式,有失历史公允。这一模式的产生,因缘于太平军之役后苏州及东南地区经济社会的发展,以及以绅商为代表的雄厚社会力量保全地方之努力、地方官员之顺应时势、以东南文化精英为主体的立宪党人与革命党人主动合作等诸因素。

The peaceful recovery of Suzhou in 1911 could be regarded as a model of non-violent revolution which evoked the responses of the southeast provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, thus forming another mode of the Revolution of 1911. The model of Suzhou revolution succeeded in occupying the wealthy southeast re- gions when Wuhan revolution was in danger, Nanjing was conquered and the Canal was cut off, which led to the collapse of the Qing government with financial support of the southeast severed. The revolution of 1911 took place initially in Wuehang and aehieved its sueeess in the Jiangnan Area with Suzhou as its hub. Any neglect and deny- ing of Suzhou mode in the revolution of 1911 was unfair. The emergence of the Suzhou mode has various kinds of reasons, such as the economic and social development of the southeast areas after The Taiping rebellion, the strong social power represented by the gentry-merchants, the local officials who followed the trend as well as the active cooperation of the Revolution Party members and the Constitutional Party members.