人群及猪旋毛虫病血清流行病学调查

Seroepidemiological investigation on trichinellosis in human and pigs

目的了解流行区和非流行区人群和（或）猪旋毛虫病血清的流行情况，为流行区制定旋毛虫病防治策略及措施提供依据。方法从流行区云南洱源和勐海县抽取6个行政村，从非流行区上海市和吉林省延吉市各选1个居民小组，对人群和（或）猪旋毛虫病进行血清流行学调查，采用ELISA法检测人群、猪血清IgG抗体，压片镜检猪肌肉。对被采血人员进行问卷调查。结果勐海和洱源县共调查332人，旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率为39．76％，其中男女阳性率分别为50．34％和31．55％；以老年组阳性率最高，为46．66％。洱源县共采集了90头猪血清和肌肉标本，血清学检测旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率为58．89％，肌肉病原学检测全部为阴性。上海市和延吉市共调查98人，旋毛虫血清抗体全部阴性；在上海采收集了50头猪血清和肌肉标本，血清学和病原学检测均为阴性。洱源县问卷调查的193人中，95．85％有生吃猪肉或猪皮的习惯；勐海问卷调查151人，虽然均无吃生猪肉习惯，但有47人吃过鼠等野生动物肉，其中23人血清学检测旋毛虫抗体呈阳性；生食猪肉、猪皮组和无此习惯组问光吸收值平均水平差异有统计学意义。后退法进行多因素回归分析表明，性别及用宰杀猪后废弃内脏和泔水喂食猪是人旋毛虫病流行的潜在危险因素。结论生吃猪肉是旋毛虫病最重要传播途径，猪旋毛虫血清抗体阳性率可作为人群旋毛虫病暴发或流行的预警指标。

Objective To analyse the seroepidemiological survey on trichinellosis in human and pigs in epidemic area and non-endemic area, thus to formulate a basis for the control strategies and measures. Methods Seroepidemiological survey of triehinellosis was carried out in 6 administrative villages in Eryuan and Menghai counties of Yunnan Province, and in l residents group as the non-endemic control in Shanghai and Yanji cities of Jilin Province respectively. Serodiagnosis （IgG antibody by ELISA ） was performed in human and pigs. Questionnaire investigation was performed in people who were collected blood at same time. The tissues were examined for T. spiralis muscle larvae by the microscope. Results Seroepidemialogical survey of trichinosis was carried out in 332 persons in Menghai and Eryuan counties among which serologically positive rate was 39.76%. The serologically positive rates of the male and the female were 50.34% and 31.55% respectively, the highest was in old group （46.66%）. Sera and muscle samples were collected from 90 pigs in Eryuan County among which 53 were serologically positive while all pigs were tested negative by the microscope. All people examined from Shanghai and Jilin were negative by ELISA. Sera and muscle collected from 50 pigs in Shanghai were tested negatively. Questionnaire investigation showed that 95.85% people had the habit of consumption of raw pork or raw pigskin in 193 people in Eryuan County, while 151 people in Menhai County without habit of consumption of raw pork, but 47 people had eaten rat meat or wild meat, and 23 people from 47 were serologically positive. The absorbance values were significantly different between the groups with the habit of consumption of raw pork and without the habit of consumption of raw pork. Approachinggand receding analysis showed two factors including sex and feeding pigs with abandoned pig internal organs and swill were potential risk factors, Conclusion The consumption of raw pork or wild meat is an important transmission route for the spread of T. spiralis. In endemic area, serologically positive rate might be considered as an early warning index for prevalence or outbreak.