阳泉市0至5岁儿童生长发育与营养状况研究

Study of growth and nutritional status of children aged 0-5 years in Yangquan city

目的 了解阳泉市0至5岁儿童生长发育及营养状况,为进一步分析影响因素及制定相应的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,共调查阳泉市5个县区0至5岁儿童6 334名,男、女各分为19个年龄组,进行了体重、身长/高、胸围、头围、上臂围5个指标的测量,以及血红蛋白测定和佝偻病的评价等.结果 ①0至5岁小儿体格发育符合一般规律,与2005年中国9市城郊7岁以下正常儿童体格发育测量值比较,各月龄组婴幼儿平均身长/高、体重高于2005年9市儿童体格发育调查结果;②0至5岁儿童营养不良发生率为2.26%（其中城市为1.14%,农村为3.63%）,低体重为1.47%,生长迟缓为2.23%,消瘦为2.49%;③儿童肥胖检出率为2.03%（其中城市为2.57%,农村为1.58%）,低于我国城市儿童肥胖检出水平;④3岁以下小儿佝偻病的患病率为30.89%,与全国的患病水平基本一致.小儿贫血患病率为4.94%（其中城市为3.61%,农村为5.81%）,低于其它地区.结论 目前全市0至5岁儿童生长发育符合一般规律,生长发育水平有逐渐增加的趋势;小儿的营养状况基本良好,但农村儿童的营养状况比城市儿童较差;小儿佝偻病患病率与全国水平基本一致,贫血患病率低于其它地区.

Objective To investigate the status of growth and nutrition of children aged 0-5 years in Yangquan so as to provide basis for analyzing influencing factors and taking intervention measures. Methods With stratified cluster sampling method, 6 334 children ofO-5 years old from 5 counties were divided into 19 age groups of boys and girls respectively. Their body weight, length/height, chest circumference, head circumference and upper arm circumference were measured, their hemoglobin were determined and rickets were evaluated. Results Generally speaking, physical growth of children under age 5 conformed to general laws. Compared with the measured values of normal children under age 7 in 9 suburbs in China in 2005, children＇ s average height and weight of each age groups were higher. Among children under age 5, the incidence of malnutrition was 2.26% （ 1.14% in city, 3.63% in countryside）, low birth weight was 1.47%, stunting was 2.23% and emaciation was 2.49%. The detection rate of obesity was 2. 03% （2. 57% in city, 1.58% in countryside）, which was lower than that of children in China city. The prevalence of rickets in children under age 3 was 30.89%, which was consistent with the national prevalence. The prevalence rate of anemia was 4.94% （3.61% in city, 5.81% in countryside）, which was lower than that in other areas. Conclusion At present, the growth and development of children under age 5 in Yangquan are in line with general laws. The level of growth and development has a tendency of gradual increasing. The nutritional status of children is generally good, but that of rural children is poorer than urban children. The prevalence of rickets for children under age 3 in Yangquan is almost consistent with national level, but the prevalence of anemia is lower than other areas.